Impact of National Socio-cultural Context and Geography on the Feasibility of Energy Transition

Abstract

This study aims to explore the feasibility and development paths of global energy transition by analyzing the economic, geographic, social, and political characteristics of various countries in their energy transition processes. The results show significant differences in the progress of energy transition among countries. Developed countries, with their economic strength and technological capabilities, can advance energy transitions more quickly, while developing countries face more obstacles. These insights highlight the importance of tailored strategies based on the unique challenges and resources of each country to promote global energy transition. A review of existing literature reveals that current energy transition research primarily focuses on individual countries. This paper categorizes countries into three groups, summarizes their common characteristics, and analyzes their impact on energy transition, particularly the relationship between economic development, income inequality, education levels, and population size. The study data indicate that countries with higher per capita GDP, lower Gini coefficients, and higher proportions of university-educated labor forces are more successful in energy transition. The paper advocates for a holistic approach that includes socio-economic reforms in addition to technological advancements to promote energy transition.