Application of Tolerance Analysis in Wing Design

Abstract

With the increasing demand of modern aircraft for high lift ratio, low fuel consumption and high reliability, the geometric accuracy control of wings in the design and manufacturing stages has become particularly important. Based on this background, this study conducts a review and qualitative analysis and explores how geometric deviation can affect the performance of the wing through the aerodynamic mechanism. By analyzing the velocity field, pressure field, streamlined structure and regional average performance indicators, the study further reveals the typical pneumatic problems that may lead to geometric deviation. The research results indicate that the front edge shape error and surface smoothness are the most sensitive tolerance types, which are enough to cause significant changes in the lift coefficient C_L and drag coefficient C_ D even within the range of conventional manufacturing standards. In general, simulation data demonstrate that accurate tolerance analysis and surface quality control can effectively solve the instability of pneumatic performance, improve the overall aerodynamic reliability of the wing, and provide direction for future manufacturing process optimization.