Optimization of Geothermal ORC Power Generation Technologies

Abstract

Grounding the analysis in thermodynamic principles, this comprehensive review systematically deciphers the efficiency constraints inherent in geothermal Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power generation technology. Progressing to a coupled examination of working fluid thermophysical properties and system architectural configurations, it reveals the divergent impact of environmental regulations and resource endowment on technological pathway selection. Through comparative assessment of globally representative cases (including Iceland's high-enthalpy fields, Hubei's policy-driven zones, and North China's hybrid models), the study turns out to elucidate how regional development disparities precipitate technical standard fragmentation. Conclusively, a synergistic technology-policy framework is proposed, demonstrating the integrated value of supercritical CO₂ working fluids, artificial intelligence optimization, and carbon pricing mechanisms (e.g. CBAM) in overcoming efficiency barriers. The perspective extends to ORC's evolving role within smart energy networks, projecting its transition toward baseload integration in future energy internet ecosystems. Last but not the least, this review does not involve complex theoretical analysis, system integration, or component analysis. Its purpose is to help beginners understand the underlying logic.