Drones, flight principle, navigation and control systems, complex terrain, forest terrain, urban terrain
Abstract
With the continuous advancement of science and technology, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have gained extensive application, and the societal demand for them is on the rise. However, there exists a significant gap in the research of their navigation systems when operating in complex terrains. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the working principles of UAVs, covering both the flight and navigation control system aspects. Additionally, it elaborates on the challenges encountered in navigation within forest, mountain, and urban complex terrains, including vegetation cover, terrain undulation, and electromagnetic interference. To address these challenges, technical strategies are proposed, such as calculation methods and planning optimization related to vegetation scenarios, innovative analysis and trajectory planning for urban scenarios, as well as the application of optical flow technology. Through a comprehensive analysis of the feasibility, this study aims to provide support for the safe and efficient operation of UAVs in complex environments and promote the continuous enhancement of their application in complex terrains, thereby opening new prospects for the development and application of UAVs.
