El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a complex climate phenomenon characterized by irregular changes in sea surface temperature and pressure in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. ENSO is a complex climate phenomenon characterized by irregular changes in sea surface temperature and pressure in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. These changes have a profound impact on global weather patterns, affecting temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather events. This article will deeply analyze the frequency, intensity, and regularity of El Niño, and explore its historical performance and changing trends. In addition, we will also evaluate the potential impacts of these phenomena on ecosystems, agricultural production, and human life, and help people better understand and respond to the challenges brought by El Niño. Through the study of these climate phenomena, it is hoped that a scientific basis can be provided for climate prediction and climate change adaptation measures, and practical suggestions can be provided to governments and relevant organizations in responding to climate change.
