With the acceleration of industrialization, the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO₂) has increased significantly, and the problem of climate change has become increasingly serious. Carbon capture technology is regarded as an important means to reduce CO₂ emissions from industrial flue gas, mainly including membrane separation, physical adsorption, chemical chain combustion, low-temperature condensation, and amine absorption. Membrane separation is suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure environments, but material stability and cost are challenges; physical adsorption is excellent on high specific surface area adsorbents but is susceptible to high temperatures and high humidity; chemical chain combustion has high-efficiency capture potential but materials are easily depleted; low-temperature condensation is suitable for high humidity flue gas treatment but consumes high amounts of energy; and amine uptake is widely used, but is faced with the problems of absorber degradation and high regeneration energy consumption. In the future, these technologies need to be optimized for efficiency, cost, and compatibility with existing industrial systems to help achieve global carbon neutrality.
