Semiconductor devices are ubiquitous in modern life, essential to almost all electronic equipment. These devices, particularly diodes and transistors, are crucial for amplifying and controlling current and voltage in various components. Field-Effect Transistors (FETs), a type of transistor, control output current through input voltage and are categorized into Junction Field-Effect Transistors (JFETs) and Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). JFETs operate under reverse bias and function only with negative gate-source voltage, while MOSFETs are further classified into enhancement and depletion types, distinguished by positive and negative threshold voltages, respectively. Both JFET and MOSFET exhibit similar behavior as drain-source voltage increases, transitioning through ohmic and saturation regions, with current initially rising and then stabilizing. JFETs offer advantages in easy and low-cost processing, whereas MOSFETs provide superior stability and higher breakdown temperatures due to increased resistance between gate and source. This enhanced performance makes MOSFETs preferable in many applications, especially where high reliability and performance are required. The versatility and efficiency of these semiconductor devices continue to drive advancements in electronics, enabling the development of increasingly sophisticated and compact electronic systems that power this paper daily lives.
