Mechanisms of photodynamic therapy with applications in tumor cells

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as an innovative cancer treatment, has attracted widespread attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of PDT in the treatment of specific types of cancer and its mechanism of action, especially how to destroy tumor cells by selectively using photosensitizers and specific wavelengths of light while minimizing the damage to the surrounding normal tissues. By comparing and analyzing the effects of multiple photosensitizers, this study focuses on evaluating the efficacy and safety of PDT in clinical applications.This paper analyzed a variety of cancer models, including skin cancer, head and neck cancer, and certain deep-seated tumors, to evaluate the therapeutic effects under different photosensitizers and light conditions. The results show that by optimizing the choice of photosensitizer and light parameters, PDT can significantly inhibit tumor growth with high selectivity and reduce the damage to healthy tissues. In addition, PDT activates the immune response, which includes immune activation, antigen presentation, immune memory, and regulation of the immune microenvironment (TME), providing an additional mechanism of action for tumor therapy.