The Development and Future Perspectives of Cancer Vaccines

Abstract

The invention and application of vaccines are remarkable progress in the approach of defense against diseases. Due to vaccines, in addition to treatment after infection, the strategies for curing have expanded to prior prevention. Cancer vaccines are cancer immunotherapies that trigger artificial immune responses against TAAs and TSAs to utilize immune memory to attack and destroy malignant tumor cells. Although cancer vaccines, which utilize the immune system to maintain the inner balance of the human body, are revolutionary compared to conventional chemotherapy, the variety of TAAs and TSAs, systemic toxicity, and low immunogenicity of tumor antigens have hindered cancer vaccines’ clinical use. This paper gives a brief review of cancer vaccines along with other immunotherapy methods. It will investigate the types, development, and mechanism of cancer vaccines and other immunotherapy. It will also compare cancer vaccines with other cancer immunotherapies and discuss the prospects of cancer immunotherapies. Cancer vaccine has a huge potential to control the development of cancer. This paper hopes to summarize and review the future trend of cancer therapeutics and promote the acquaintance with cancer vaccines.