Sweeteners, Gut microbiota, Natural sweeteners, Artificial sweeteners, Metabolic health, Dysbiosis
Abstract
The impact of sweetener intake on the gut microbiota is a topic of increasing interest, given the rising global consumption of both naturally occurring and artificially produced sweeteners as alternatives to traditional sugars. This review seeks to explain how various sweeteners, both natural and artificial, affect the composition and function of gut microbiota. Sweeteners are categorized into natural sources, such as stevia and honey, and those synthesized artificially, including aspartame and sucralose. Natural sweeteners, known for their potential health benefits and minimal side effects, have the potential to stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria and increase the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Conversely, artificial sweeteners have been associated with dysbiosis, potentially resulting in a higher prevalence of harmful bacteria. The research highlights the inconsistency in the effects of artificial sweeteners, which may be influenced by factors such as type, dosage, and individual variability. Despite the existing evidence, the long-term consequences of sweetener consumption on gut health remain unclear, underscoring the need for more comprehensive, well-designed clinical trials. Future research should also aim to develop advanced methodologies for assessing gut microbiota health and explore personalized interventions to address the differential responses to sweeteners.
