The symbiotic relationships between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AM) and plant roots not only enhance the symbiotic plant significantly uptake of key nutrients (such as phosphorus and nitrogen) in poor soils but also have a vital role in local and global ecosystems. After AM extends to deep soil through a network of myceliums, it can not only cooperate and promote the absorption of nutrient elements for plants but also affect the weathering process of soil and rock through its unique chemical and physical mechanism. In response to changes in local soil nutrients and geological structure, AM, as a natural “Carbon sink” for carbon storage, also can secrete several macro-molecules of carbon into the soil, which increases the carbon content of the soil, making the soil more cohesive. This further shows its great potential in improving the ecological environment by improving soil health. Therefore, this article will take arbuscular mycorrhizas as a mutualistic relationship highly studied by the academic community as an example, analyze the biological mechanism of each symbiotic relationship, its impact on the host and its contribution to the host-pathogen defense, and deeply study the effects of AM and plant symbiosis on soil absorption, rock weathering and carbon storage, which will not only help to reveal their ecological functions, but also help to reveal their ecological functions. It also provides new ideas for environmental protection and sustainable development in the future.
