Has the Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983) or Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986) made a greater contribution to predicting changes in physical activity?

Abstract

Physical activity is crucial for a healthy lifestyle and offers various health benefits. However, maintaining regular exercise can be challenging for many. This literature review compares the effectiveness of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) and the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) in predicting changes in physical activity. While both models are prominent in health behaviour change, SCT is posited to be more effective due to its measurability, comprehensiveness, and support. The article reviews studies assessing the efficacy of both theories and concludes that SCT is a stronger predictor. It emphasises self-efficacy, a critical factor in behaviour change. Bandura’s sources of self-efficacy - mastery, vicarious experiences, persuasion, and affective feedback - provide robust predictors. In contrast, TTM focuses on stages of change but lacks the depth to predict behaviour changes accurately. SCT’s comprehensive approach, accounting for personal, behavioural, and environmental factors, sets it apart. Empirical support highlights SCT’s reliability and applicability in interventions, making it a superior predictor of physical activity changes. The essay underscores SCT’s value in tailoring interventions and its potential to foster healthier lifestyles.