Healthcare policy, population aging, fertility, population growth, population distribution
Abstract
The increasing proportion of aging populations creates major challenges to healthcare systems globally. This is especially relevant in countries like Japan and the United States, where longer life expectancy and declining birth rates place tremendous strain on resources. This research aims to investigate the effects of demographic shifts on healthcare systems by focusing on key issues such as heightened demand for medical services, escalating healthcare costs, and critical workforce shortages. The study examines policy responses in various countries, with a focus on Japan and Germany’s long-term care insurance systems and the integrated, preventive care models implemented in Scandinavian countries. Using a comparative analysis methodology, this research evaluates the effectiveness of these policies in addressing healthcare demands. The findings indicate that while these models offer valuable insights, significant gaps in healthcare access and equity persist for low-income, minority, and rural elderly populations. The study concludes that targeted reforms are key to offering equitable healthcare provision for all aging individuals.
