Fan Circle, Fan Economy, New media operation, Entertainment industry, Sports industry
Abstract
Fan circle culture originated in the entertainment industry but has since evolved into a significant social and economic phenomenon. It impacted not only the entertainment industry but also sports and other sectors. This article explores the operational model and economic impact of professionalized fan circles by focusing on their transformation into structured business entities. Fan circles increase the visibility and market value of idols, athletes, and teams through organized support activities. The rise of social media has further amplified the economic power of fan circles, as fan-driven activities generate revenue for both brands and idols. However, the emergence of fan circles also presents challenges, including extremism and excessive commercialization, which can strain the emotional foundation of fan communities and create tension between fans, idols, and the wider public. In industries heavily reliant on fan economies, balancing commercial interests with the integrity of fan communities is essential for sustainable development.
