The promotion of heavy industry: An analysis of industrial transformation in three middle-income countries
Keywords:
industrialization, heavy industry policy, mid-dle-income country, country brand, industrial transforma-tionAbstract
Heavy industry policy has an important impact on industrial transformation in middle-income countries. South Korea, China, and Brazil upgraded their heavy industries in the 1970s and 1980s, with varying results and thus affecting their levels of economic development.