To what extent evolutionary and social factors influence the formation and style of Homophobia

Abstract

Homophobia, characterised by fear or hatred of homosexuality, remains a pervasive social problem despite ongoing efforts to secure human rights and equality. This essay explores the formation and styles of homophobia from evolutionary and social perspectives. Evolutionary factors suggest that preference for heterosexuality may result from reproductive adaptations, while social influences, particularly group pressures during adolescence, shape homophobic behaviour. In addition, social dominance orientations and adherence to cultural norms contribute to homophobia. Gender differences in types of homophobia have been examined, with males displaying more fear due to societal perceptions of masculinity. The proposed hypothesis was tested through questionnaires and experimental methods. Understanding the formation and styles of homophobia is essential for promoting social inclusion and equality.